ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Adaptive efficiency of agricultural cooperatives in providing input sector; With emphasis on transaction cost economics approach
(Case study: South Khorasan province)
The use of cooperative mechanism in all sectors, especially the agricultural sector, is very important. Agricultural cooperatives are used for providing services such as provision of agricultural inputs, financing and marketing of agricultural products. This paper examines adaptive efficiency of South khorasan province's cooperativesin providing agricultural inputs with using of transaction cost economics approach. Transaction cost economics can be recognized by combining two different mechanisms and characteristics of transactions as adaptive efficiency case. A change in these characteristics will change the usable mechanism of actor; in this case that mechanism will be selected which enters the lowest transaction cost. Thus, using an econometric model, relationship between agricultural input provision mechanisms (cooperative, non-cooperative and hybrid) with the characteristics of transactions (asset specificity, uncertainty, frequency of transactions) and the control variables have been examined. They are quantified through a questionnaire survey.
The results show that some indices of transaction cost economics are significant. For example, under threat of superior competitors in the brand, probability of inputs seller’ cheating, Impact of sanctions and increase in the amount of the volume of purchased inputs agricultural cooperatives have adaptive efficiency. Cooperatives' development requires careful deliberation of their adaptive efficiency.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_518_209445f5e4212a2c30373f17315a56b4.pdf
2014-03-21
9
38
Agriculture Cooperative
Transaction Cost Economics
Adaptive Efficiency
Asset Specificity
Uncertainty
Transactions Frequency
Hadi
Amiri
amiri1705@gmail.com
1
assistant professor at Isfahan University
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Googerdchian
agoogerdchian@yahoo.com
2
assistant professor at Isfahan University
AUTHOR
Gholam Hussein
Kiani
kianigh@yahoo.com
3
assistant professor at Isfahan University
AUTHOR
Amir
Alizadeh
alizadeh.amir_eco@yahoo.com
4
MSc student at Isfahan University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Factors affecting intra-industry trade of Iran with regional Islamic blocs
In this paper, we analyze the determinants of Intra-Industry trade (IIT) in the agriculture, industry and service sectors between Iran and its trading partners, i.e. D8, ECO, GCC and OIC countries by using dynamic panel data and GMM during 1980-2009. This study uses country-specific characteristics such as economic size, per capita income, foreign direct investment, geographical distance, and trade imbalance as explanatory variables.
The results indicate that economic size, per capita income, and geographical distance explain most of IIT between Iran and its trading partners. According to econometric findings, the economic size has high and positive correlation with IIT, however per capita income affects IIT, negatively. Thus, differences in aggregate demand and supply should be considered in selecting trade partners. The similarity in income structure leads to same demand structure and expansion of trade volume. In addition, geographical distance and trade imbalance has negative effect on IIT flow in Iran.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_519_4f7a12e5d101073472ca96fb1beac24c.pdf
2014-03-21
39
62
Intra-industry Trade
Regional blocs
Dynamic panel data
Economic scale
GMM
Amir Reza
Soori
amirsoory@yahoo.com
1
Ph.D of Economics and associate Prof. at the Institute for Trade Studies and Research (ITSR), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the effect of money growth uncertainty on economic development of Iran
An increase in the money growth uncertainty increases uncertainty in economic activities and this uncertainty causes the decline in economic growth. In this study, for investigation of this effect on Iran’s economy, effect of money growth uncertainty on economic growth is studied by quarterly data during 1369Q1 to 1389Q4 period. For measuring money growth uncertainty (growth of real liquidity) and for investigating its effect on economic growth GARCH model, ARDL model and bounds test of Pesaran and et al (2001) were used, respectively. Results show that, increase in money growth uncertainty reduces economic growth in both short and long run. Furthermore long run multipliers are bigger than short run multipliers. It implies that negative effect of increase in money growth uncertainty on economic growth in long run is more relative than the short run. So policymakers should consider stability of money growth rate in setting their policies about liquidity and monetary policies, especially in the long run.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_520_1bf4877d0a83898d70d1b937af125974.pdf
2014-03-21
63
74
Money Growth Uncertainty
Economic Growth
GARCH Model
ARDL Model
Ja'afar
Haghighat
jhaghighat79@gmail.com
1
Faculty member at the Dept. of Economics, Business and Management, Tabriz University
AUTHOR
Omid Mohammad
gholipour Tappeh
ie.mohammadgholipour@yahoo.com
2
PhD student, Tabriz University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Designing a model for the joint endowment funds for investment in Iran's economy
Joint endowment (Waqf) funds for the purpose of investment in Iran, with the money donated by the endowers (Waqif), can invest in the diverse portfolio of securities. Each beneficiary invested units of endowment of the fund can act as the representative of every portfolio of securities which can be bought and stewarded by the fund based on the proposed model. In Muslim countries, these funds in addition to the investment in the shares of the companies in order to establish factories or increase the companies' shares can devote the endowments in terms of Islamic securities. In this way, not only they can facilitate the financing of companies and private or public institutes and provide the increase in their income, but also can benefit from the fixed and variable outcomes of these securities and help to the economic growth and development. The income provided by this fund can be spent based on the endowers' intentions and desires and to the extent they donated.
This study aimed to design a national model for the joint investment endowment fund in order to develop the endowment incentives in Iran's economy based on library method of data collection. This study follows a discovery approach with the analytical-descriptive method. It can be considered as a fundamental research. The legitimacy of endowment of money in Shi'a jurisprudence is postulated in this research and the reasons for the legitimacy of endowment of money are sated briefly.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_521_6192335e8fada66ff37ffe9374ab6524.pdf
2014-03-21
75
96
Designing
Endowment funds
the Endowment of Money
Iran's economy
Mahmood
Eisavi
eisavim@yahoo.com
1
faculty member at the Allameh Tabatabayee University
AUTHOR
Reza
Talebloo
talebloo.r@gmail.com
2
faculty member at the Allameh Tabatabayee University
AUTHOR
Mustafa
Kazemi
mostafakazemi@rihu.ac.ir
3
PhD student of economics at the Allameh Tabatabayee University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pathology of Micro-finance in the banks of Iran:Lessons for designing Islamic Micro-financing System in Iran
Micro- finance (Microfinance) can be described as a tool to extend various financial services to lower income groups. Since this group of people has a low credit-worthiness, they are not regarded as good borrowers by banks and other conventional financial institutes. On the other, one of the main missions of Islamic banks is providing small loans for vulnerable groups in society. However, banks typically prefer to devote their resources to macro activities and avoid providing small loans and do not give importance to this section. This study tries to offer a pathological analysis of this bank behavior that, in turn, is the first step to design Islamic micro-financing system.
The results which were obtained through using the Delphi method and analytical- descriptive method show that moral hazard, high cost of supervision, lack of proper mortgage, diversion of funds, strategic default, low productivity and lack of resources are the main challenges of microfinance in Iranian banks.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_522_1f294ea7b9d8b32c86177193ae0e8466.pdf
2014-03-21
97
124
Microfinance
Islamic microfinance
Pathology of microfinance
Microfinance institutions
Iran
Mustafa
Shahidi Nasab
m.shahidinasab@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. student at Research Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigation of the mutual effect of knowledge-based economy and TFP and their relationship: Case study on developed, emerging and developing countries
Today, productivity is known as the engine of economic growth. But improving productivity depends on knowledge based economy. By using panel data econometric methods in a sample consisting of Iran, some developed and developing countries for the period 1995-2012, consequently, the objectives of the present study are: (1). Examination and comparison of the position of knowledge based economy in selected countries, (2). investigation the effect of knowledge based economy on the total factor productivity in the selected sample, (3). Evaluation of the causality between total factor productivity and knowledge based economy in selected countries.
The results of this study indicate the fact that the position of knowledge based economy and its indicator in Iran in comparison with other countries in the sample is not desirable at all. Furthermore, there is a significant positive relationship between knowledge based economy and total factor productivity. On the other hand our review shows that there is a one-way causality relationship between total factor productivity and knowledge based economy (from Knowledge Based Economy to efficiency).
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_523_22a57d241c22364f18a0130ac9b1e539.pdf
2014-03-21
125
160
Knowledge-based economy
TFP
ARDL
PMG
MG
VECM
Fatemeh
Mehrabani
fatemeh.mehrabani@hotmail.com
1
Assistant professor at the college of economics and management; Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch
AUTHOR
Soghra
Ghobadi
drghobadi@gmail.com
2
Assistant professor at the college of economics and management; Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch
AUTHOR
Ali
Rezaeeyan
ali.rezaean@yahoo.com
3
Faculty member at the college of economics and management; Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz branch
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Individualism as individuals' utilities in social welfare function based on the views of Islam and liberalism; A basis for economic policies in Muslim societies such as Iran
This study was to reveal the role of individuals' utilities in social welfare function. It was based on implicit inferences of reason and certain teachings of religion derived from library sources. The present paper is to find answer for this question that to what extent the individuals' utilities is valued in the social welfare functions based on the views of Islam and liberalism. In other words, to what extent the distributive influence of welfare cases such as goods and services in increasing the social welfare depends on individuals' desires, utility and preferences concerning welfare instances. This notion which has been known as individualism in social welfare function was initially investigated in social welfare function concerning liberalism such as those found in the views of utilitarian, Rawls and Amartya Sen and then in social welfare function based on Islamic thought.
Finally it was concluded that all the vital elements in the above-mentioned liberal functions were contained in individuals' utilities. According to these functions, the social welfare increases only when the welfare cases being transferred through individuals' desire and preferences. But in Islamic social welfare function which the ultimate goal is defined as nearness to God what enables humans in this way directly influences the rise of social welfare. Clearly, those utilities which can play such a role participate in the social welfare function.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_524_9ccd67fdd6fe70e98b359289853c2301.pdf
2014-03-21
161
182
Individualism
Social Welfare Function
Utility
Liberalism
Humanism
Islam
Economic policies
Muhammad Hussein
Karami
hkarami@rihu.ac.ir
1
Assistant professor at the Research Institute of Hawzah and University
AUTHOR