ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determining Theoretical Equation of Wheat Price Support in Iran
Applying financial accounting، Ministry of Agriculture (Jihad Keshavarzie) determines the price support schedule (PSS) of each strategic agricultural product like wheat for per unit of land under cultivation in a year، then، to be approved، announces it to Economic Council (EC). In this paper، based on statistics presented in financial accounting report، theoretical equation of wheat PSS is simulated whether considering subsides of chemical fertilizer and pesticide or not. Major parameters included in equation of wheat price support such as rate of profit، inflation، insurance charge، bank interest and rent of land are considered as government recourses for policy making. Wheat price support، consistent with government future policy would be predicted by any change happens in these parameters. The most variable of the above – mentioned equation is sum of basic costs in production. Costs here consist of machine performance، workers wages، transportation and basic inputs of agriculture such as seed، water، pesticide and chemical fertilizers. So، optimum combination of each one and the importance of their participation in this process play an important role in determining wheat effective price. Using an effective price support in a correct way will not only make farmers living conditions better off، but also، will cause an increase in wheat production which in turn reduce imports and help government save foreign currency، strengthen independence، secure non- vulnerability in international relations and achieve economic independence in providing strategic agricultural products like whea
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_308_4c57636a42fd60a3a5b1f2b9e599799d.pdf
2006-03-21
11
32
Price support
Simulation Approach
Financial Accounting
Input Subsidies
Strategic Farming
Majid
Ahmadiyan
1
Faculty member of Tehran University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
An Empirical Based Analysis of Economic Effects of Subsidized Gasoline on Its Consumption In Iran; (١٩٧١-٢٠٠٣)
This paper mainly focuses on evaluating economic effects ofsubsidized gasoline on its consumption in Iran. Using time series datafor the period of time "through ١٩٧١-٢٠٠٣", simultaneous equationmodel is estimated applying I٣SLS. Evaluating results indicate thatthere has been a positive and striking relationship between gasolinesubsidy and consumption: An increase about ١٪ in subsidy hasincreased the consumption about ٠.٦٩٪ (percent). Each consumptionand subsidy equation explains approximately ٩٩٪ (percent) of theconsumption and subsidy flexibility. Therefore, based on the sameconsumption equation, the fixed and also the least consumptionbecome e٧.٥١٨٨. In other words, for an increase about ١٪ (percent) ingasoline subsidy, the consumption rate will increase up to ٠.٦٩٪(percent). A ١٪ (percent) increases in gasoline consumption causes٠.٧٧٪ (percent) increases in gasoline subsidy rate. To sum up, theincrease in subsidy during the mentioned period is the main reasonfor gasoline consumption rate.Based on our findings, it is concluded that by implementing theguided subsidy policy in the Iran’s ٤th economic, social and culturalplan and also in the ٢٠ years economic outlook package throughreduceing consumption, using effectively and saving financialresources by government, we can expect more favorable economicimpact.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_309_c62519af02f0c34d58e0ec97210e2038.pdf
2006-03-21
33
59
Economic growth of Iran
Gasoline subsidy
Simultaneous equation system
٣SLS, Gasoline Consumption, Iran Economics
Esmael
Abounoori
1
Faculty member of Mazandaran University
AUTHOR
Ahmad
Jafari-Samimi
jafarisa@umz.ac.ir
2
Faculty member of Mazandaran University
AUTHOR
Yousef
Mehnatfar
3
PH.D. student in Mazandaran University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Analysis of Relationship Between Inflation and Economic Growth in Iran
Economists and government authorities have been paying specialattentions to the factors affecting economic growth, with it; they aregoing to achieve high and firm economic growth. Based on somestudies, inflation and its destructive effects are known as cutting edgein this regard. So, analyzing the relationship between inflation andeconomic growth is an important case study which researchers tendto concentrate on. Through four sections, this paper with an emphasison Iran's economy is going to study interrelationship between twoabove – mentioned variables through ٤٥ years (١٩٥٩ to ٢٠٠٤). Themain presupposition, here, is the existence of non- linear relationshipbetween inflation and economic growth in the mentioned period. Inregard to attributes of Iran's economy, the model which has beendesigned here, relies on Barro, Alexander and Sarel models. We haveestimated the model by econometric techniques (with and withoutlags). Various thresholds are considered for the inflation rate.Considering the variables in this regard, the CLS method is applied toevaluate the model. Through reduction of errors square roots, it is acriterion for picking effective inflationary threshold up. During thefive years study, it shows that: ١- for low levels, there is a unilateraland causal relationship between inflation and economic growth, ٢- formedium levels; the relationship between inflation and economicgrowth is sort of positive relationship (just up to ٢٦ percent for aperiod), ٣- For high levels, all inflation rates, above ٢٦ percent, dohave neutral and then negative impact on economic growth, ٤-Finally, based on Gringer testing model, it is shown that there is asignificant relationship from inflation to growth.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_310_a76582d8021cbe8db58b12c2b68fce7e.pdf
2006-03-21
60
91
Inflation
Economic Growth
Iranian Economy
inflation trend
Alexander model
Y.
Dadgar
1
Faculty member of Shahid Beheshti University
AUTHOR
Gh.
Keshavarz
2
Faculty member of Sanati Ssharif University
AUTHOR
Ali
Tyataraj
3
M.A. in Economics
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (A Case Study for Iran)
Foreign Direct investment is at the cutting edge of economic growthand development, filling the saving - investment gap and providingcountries with both technology and modern techniques ofmanagement. The article, here, deals with striking factors whichaffected FDI in Iran through ١٩٥٩ – ٢٠٠٣.The results of the studies approved that FDI depends on: capitalrecovery rate, political rights, infrastructures, natural resourceavailability, corruption and bureaucratic red tape, human capital,inflation, exchange and tax rate, market expansion, economic growth,productivity, domestic investment and openness of the economy. Theevaluation of the presented model shows that: ١) natural resourceavailability, human capital and infrastructures have a direct andpositive impact on FDI in Iran, ٢) political rights and dummyvariables of Islamic republic of Iran have affected Iran's FDIsignificantly as well as conversely, and ٣) openness of the economyhas positive and insignificant influences and the ratio of governmentexpenditure to GDP has insignificantly and indirectly affected FDI.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_311_a817c2e31aa45e9c0e23cdf31556dc47.pdf
2006-03-21
92
129
Foreign Direct investment
political rights
Domestic Investment
human capital
Infrastructure
Natural Resources
A.
Shah&#;abadie
shahabadia@yahoo.com
1
Faculty member of Abu Ali Sina University
AUTHOR
A.
Mahmudie
2
M.A. in Economics
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The study of Commercial Banks' Efficiency Based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (The Case Study of Bank Saderat in Mazandaran Province of Iran)
Through this research paper, the efficiency of ١٤١ Mazandaranbranches of Bank Saderat in ٢٠٠٤ is evaluated using DataEnvelopment Analysis which is a linear programming and nonparametric method.The variants considered here are categorized into two groupsconsisting of; inputs (number of staff, terminals and book value ofbranches), and outputs (weighted sums of deposits, the average of ١٢months of private sector facilities (loans), and adjusted deferredclaims.That hypothesis in which more than ٥٠٪ of bank Saderat branchesare inefficient has been analyzed. There, it is indicated that how thebranches can receive the frontier of efficiency by modifying theirinputs or outputs.The study shows that ٧٠٪ of branches are inefficient, whereas thevarying return scale is different from the constant return scale.Misallocation of personnel in branches is known as an importantfactor for inefficiency. To Make the branches more efficient, we musteconomize on using resources (Inputs) at least to ٣٦٪.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_312_a40740ba3519bf746fed07ef7235b5c9.pdf
2006-03-21
130
162
Technical Efficiency
Scale Efficiency
Data Envelopment Analysis
Constant and Varying Return Scales
Bank Saderat Branches
M. T. G.
Hakimabadie
mtgilak1@gmail.com
1
Faculty member of Mazandaran university
AUTHOR
A.
Esna-asharie
2
Faculty member of Mazandaran university
AUTHOR
Hadi
Ahmadpour
3
M.A. in Economics
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Transaction Cost Economics
Introducing the transaction cost economics (TCE), the article, as itsmain concerns, tries to explain the method of making the concept oftransaction cost operational and applying it in empirical studies. Inthis paper, the writer tries to provide some answers to thesequestions: How do followers of institutionalism and transaction costeconomists use this concept in practice and empirical studies? Andbasically, do they have any coherent method to deal with subjectmatters of economics or that institutional approach is only storytelling?New institutional economics (NIE) are divided into two main areas;institutional environment and institutional arrangement. TCE isrelated to the institutional arrangement and Williamson has related itinto governance structure. Coase's article entitled "The Nature of theFirm" is the beginning of this approach which emphasizes the firmmust be considered as a governance structure, rather than aproduction function or a technological construction. TCE tends tomake the concept of transaction cost operational and for achievingthis purpose, uses the idea of firm as a governance structure anddevelop "discriminating alignment" hypothesis.
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_313_d29ce2985571028e28718fbc8409dab7.pdf
2006-03-21
163
217
TCE
Institutionalism
institutional environment
institutional arrangement
firm
discriminating alignment hypothesis
A.
Nasiri Aghdam
alin110@yahoo.com
1
PH.D student in Economics
AUTHOR