Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Measuring the impact of economic complexity on vulnerability and resilience index
9
33
FA
Seyed Ehsan
Khandoozi
0000-0002-6950-5424
Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University
smkhandoozi@gmail.com
Ebrahim
Mir'nezami
M.A in Economics, Faculty of Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University
ebi.nezami73@gmail.com
10.30471/iee.2020.5502.1777
In recent years, the reduction of economic vulnerability has become one of the goals of many policymakers, and the identification of effective factors influencing on reducing vulnerability is of great importance. This issue is more important for the Iranian economy, which needs to be more resilient. The question of the present article is that according to the world literature on the index of complexity, does the improvement of the complexity of the economy have an effect on the vulnerability index? After stating the theoretical framework, the article tests the data of 118 countries using the panel data model in the period 1997-2013. The results of the research show that: economic complexity and good governance both have a negative and significant impact on economic vulnerability. The article suggests that to reduce the vulnerability of the economy, the country's policymakers should focus on improving the quality of governance, the complexity of the economy (diversified and knowledge based export) and reducing the share of oil exports.
Economic vulnerability,economic complexity,governance,exports,economic resiliance
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1647.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1647_1f55972d6c05a0045928608a39a877d6.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Sustainability of budget based on intergenerational justice in exploiting oil resources; an approach for Iran
35
59
FA
Mohammad Taghi
Fayyazi
Faculty memebr, Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran
fayyazi2002@yahoo.com
Ali Asghar
Ajdari
PhD student in Economics, University of Tehran, Faculty memebr, Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran
email:a.a.ajdari@gmail.com
Mojtaba
Bagheri Tudashki
Assictant professor, Mofid University
bagherisudden@gmail.com
10.30471/iee.2020.5439.1766
This article examines budget sustainability in Iran. First, by studying the theoretical literature, the relationship between intergenerational justices in the utilization of natural resources with budgetary sustainability is examined, and then Iran's budgetary sustainability and the observance of intergenerational justice using budget information in two stages is measured and predicted in 1381-1395 and 1396-1455, respectively. During the period under review, the government was never able to balance its expenditures without relying on oil revenues. In the second period and with the continuation of current policies, the government budget will not be sustainable. Intergenerational equality has not been observed in the past, and if current policies continue in the future, this equality will not exist; but at the same time, the social and financial goals of governments can be achieved, and that is to use fiscal policy based on the Hartwick rule. In this case, fiscal sustainability indicators will also improve with the establishment of intergenerational justice. In a simple sense, at the end of the period of depletion of oil reserves, the government can balance its budget without relying on oil revenues. And by saving a significant portion of oil revenues, it will increase its foreign exchange reserves, and the intergenerational rights to use oil revenues will be observed.
Oil Revenues,Budget Sustainability,intergenerational Justice,Budget,Non-resource primary balance
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1656.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1656_8eb31b88b440ee96c5f032a417e08b27.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Comparative study of credit risk in Islamic banking and conventional banking; with emphasis on the impact of bank specific factors
61
87
FA
Jalal
Naderi
PhD student in Financial Management, University of Tehran
jalalnaderi@ut.ac.ir
Seyyed Abbas
Mousavian
Ph.D. Professor, Islamic Research Institute for Culture and Thought
samosavian@yahoo.com
Mohammad
Nadiri
Assistant Professor, College of Farabi / Faculty of Management and Accounting, University of Tehran
m.nadiri@ut.ac.ir
Fatemeh
Zarei
PhD student in Financial Management, University of Tehran
zareifatemeh@ut.ac.ir
10.30471/iee.2019.5527.1778
Credit risk is one of the most important risks that the banking system including Islamic banks and conventional banks faces. The main source of this risk can be searched through certain banking factors and macroeconomic environment. Due to the important role of bank specific factors on the non-preforming loan of banks, in this study, the effect of management quality, capital adequacy, size and liquidity on credit risk using GMM panel data method in 2011-2016 is investigated in two groups of Islamic and conventional bank. In addition to specific factors, in order to control the role of the macroeconomic factors, the impact of GDP growth rate, exchange rate and inflation rates are considered as the control variable. The results show that there is significant negative correlation between credit risk and size, management quality and capital adequacy, but there is no significant correlation between liquidity ratio and credit risk in Islamic banks. On the other hand, in conventional banks, there is significant negative relation between liquidity, management quality and capital adequacy with credit risk. The results also indicate an insignificant relationship between bank size and credit risk.
Islamic banking,Conventional banking,credit risk,Capital adequacy,Quality of management
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1649.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1649_3b849c787ee92dc190ab26ce0a62919f.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Investigating the relationship between resistive economy and Islamic economics
89
119
FA
Mohammad Javad
Tavakoli
Associate professor, Faculty of economics, Imam Khomeini's Educational and Research Institute
mj_tavakoli2@yahoo.com
10.30471/iee.2020.4134.1599
Although resistance economics has been introduced mainly as a model of the Islamic economic system, but a clear picture of the relationship between resistance economics and Islamic economics has not been provided. In this article, using analytical methods, the relationship between resistance economics and Islamic economics is explained. According to the hypothesis of the article, resistance economics is one of the major theories of Islamic economics that looks at the analysis of vulnerability and resilience of the economic system with an Islamic approach. The findings of the article show that the definition and explanation of resistance economics as one of the major economic theories of Islam helps to better understanding of the position of resistance economics in the literature of Islamic economics. In this framework, the theory of resistance economics analyzes the causes of economic vulnerability from the Islamic point of view and Islamic strategies to eliminate these harms and strengthen the economic system with an Islamic approach. Of course, the theory of resistance economics can be applied to the temporal and spatial conditions of the Islamic Republic of Iran or other countries and its theoretical dimensions can be expanded. The various theoretical dimensions of the theory of resistance economics are related to other macro theories of Islamic economics in areas such as development and justice. In this regard, the literature of the Iranian Islamic model of development can be improved according to the discussions of the model of economic resilience with an Islamic approach.
Islamic Economics,Resistive Economy,Iran's economy,Resilience Economics,Islamic-Iranian Model of Development
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1648.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1648_976e284254beb955f499ba412efaec84.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Integrated nature of decision making: a cognitive and behavioral analysis: "optimization" and "institutional decision making"
121
147
FA
Javad
Aghdas Tinat
PhD professor of Islamic Economics, Department of Economics, University of Mazandaran, Researcher at the Research Center for Islamic Studies in the Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
javadaqdasi@yahoo.com
Ali Reza
Pourfaraj
Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Mazandaran
a.pourfaraj@umz.ac.ir
Zahra
Karimi Moughari
Associate Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, University of Mazandaran
zahra.karimimoughari@gmail.com
10.30471/iee.2020.4717.1676
In conventional microeconomics, modeling economic decision makings is based on constrained optimization; but in the real world, decisions are hybrid and more "institutional" than based on "optimization" and they are based on a set of pre-defined (institutionalized) "habits", "rules" and "frameworks". This article has tried to provide a microeconomic analysis of the combined nature of decisions with analytical and descriptive methods and grounded on a neurological approach. Based on cognitive and behavioral findings, continuous optimization, even in its simplest form, has very high mental costs and this makes economic agents more inclined to institutional decisions to save these mental costs, along with occasional optimizations. In the conceptual field of transaction costs, Coase and Williamson argue that the existence of "transaction costs" could pave the way for the replacement of "hierarchy instead of market exchange". In a different field, ie in the conceptual field of decision making, it can be argued that the existence of "decision costs" can pave the way for replacing "institutional decision making instead of direct optimization". The existence of very high benefits and returns in social exchanges and the importance of institutional acting to achieve these benefits intensify this economic tendency in an evolutionary process. Religious behavior is a kind of institutional behavior (following religious rules and habits) and considering this view that institutional decision making and direct optimization both are important and have distinctive roles in decision making process can influence microfoundations of Islamic economics.
Institutional economics,institutional decision making,optimization,dual thinking system,cognitive and behavioral economics
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1654.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1654_fe9c18ba5623aab488d466c362fae4b0.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Investigating the relationship between efficiency and justice in Islamic economics in comparison with the concept of efficiency in conventional economics
149
176
FA
Ali Reza
Lashkari
Assistant professor, Faculty of Economics, Research Institute of Hawzah and University
askr110@gmail.com
10.30471/iee.2020.5104.1725
The rules and principles that organize society in the use of resources and facilities as well as the distribution of blessings among members of society are among the fundamental issues in the field of social science theories. Efficiency is a symbol of growth and is known as a mechanism for regulating societies' relations. Proponents of social justice in recent decades, reminding the need to pay more attention to it, have proposed justice as the highest criterion for organizing society. These two recent approaches have turned the confrontation between efficiency and justice into one of the central conflicts of economists and the relationship between these two concepts has become a fundamental question. This article examines the relationship between justice and efficiency in the Islamic economic system based on a review of credible sources and documents and using a descriptive-analytical method. This article concludes that efficiency is the most effective use of resources and tools for achieving justice and therefore there is no confrontation between the two concepts.
Efficiency,Scarcity,Justice,Resources,goal,Welfarism,Meta-welfarism
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1657.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1657_77bbc1c04fb2aae418d35d4905404f9a.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Investigating the Impact of Economic, Social and Political Factors on Zakat Revenues in Selected Provinces of Iran
177
192
FA
Vida
Varahrami
Assistant professor at Economics, Shahid Beheshti University
vida.varahrami@gmail.com
10.30471/iee.2019.4422.1626
Due to some problems, an efficient tax system has not yet been fully implemented in the country; therefore, zakat can be considered as one of the important Islamic taxes. Therefore, in this study, the impact of economic, political and social factors affecting the collected zakat in selected and large provinces of Iran is investigated. For this purpose, data related to the years 2003-2014 and the data panel method have been used to estimate the model. The results of this comparison show that the variables of per capita income, value added of agricultural sector and value added of industrial sector as economic variables, life expectancy index and population growth rate as social variables have a positive effect on zakat income in the studied provinces. The coefficient of per capita income variable is higher than the others and shows the greater effectiveness of this variable. The variable of political freedom index during the period under study has no significant effect on zakat income in selected provinces.
Zakat,Panel Data Method,economic variables,Social Variables,Political Variables
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1652.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1652_679f0dea1292ab979a16ac634ac1b4fd.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Estimation of Private Sector Consumption Function in Iran with Islamic Economics Approach
193
210
FA
Saeede
Kamranpour
Invited professor of the Faculty of Economics, Ilam University
saeede.kamranpoor@gmail.com
Mansour
Zera'anejad
Faculty member, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
zarram@gmail.com
Salah
Ebrahimi
PhD students of economics, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
ebs1365@gmail.com
10.30471/iee.2019.5497.1775
In this study, the estimation of the private sector consumption function in Iran with the Islamic economics approach was evaluated using the Uncorrected Error Correction Model (UECM) band has been based on convergence test (Boys, Shane & Smith, 2001) during the period of 1984-2017. In the estimated function, the consumption expenditure of the private sector in Iran, a function of non-oil GDP, the ratio of household religious expenditure to total household expenses as an indicator of people's faith, inflation and interest rates on bank deposits as a share of funds suppliers' participatory market is considered. The results of this estimation indicate that with a one-percent increase in non-oil GDP, private sector spending will increase by 1.01 percent, and with a one-percent increase in inflation, private sector spending will decrease by 0.63 percent. With a one-percent increase in the people's faith index, private sector consumption is down 0.15 percent. The results indicate that increasing their faith will reduce their consumption. In this study, the interest rate on long-term bank deposits as a share of fund providers in the participation market did not have a significant effect on the consumption of individuals.
Macroeconomics,Islamic Economics,Private Sector Consumption,Band Convergence Test,Unclassified Error Correction Model
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1651.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1651_10df2c730cf8664d389f0f9659706c56.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Evaluation and analysis of economic resilience indicators for single-product countries
211
237
FA
Mohammad Reza
Mahdiyar Ismaili
Imam Hossein University / Faculty & Management & Planning Institute
esmaeili_eco@yahoo.com
Mohsen
Salehi Komroudi
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tabriz University
salehi205@gmail.com
Reza
Shakeri Bostanabad
Department of Agricultural Economics, Tehran University
reza.shakeri@ut.ac.ir
10.30471/iee.2020.5230.1743
Economic resilience is an important component of a resistance economy. This is much more important for countries with a single-product economy. It is once a resilient economic system that can absorb temporary or permanent risks and adapt itself to rapidly changing circumstances without losing its function. The issue of economic resilience for countries with a single-product economy or single export commodity is far more important because these countries are severely vulnerable to various shocks due to their dependence on the income of a particular product (such as oil). Therefore, the main objective of this study is to measure the resilience of economies in single export commodity economies during the period of 1995-1956. For this purpose, based on the export concentration index, Angola, Azerbaijan, Botswana, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Iran, Iraq, Mali, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and Yemen were selected for the purpose of this study. The economic indicators of resilience for the study based on Angion and Bates (2015) are: household consumption, exports, GDP, public expenditures, gross capital formation, food imports, imports and inflation. In this study, Shannon's entropy method was used for weight loss and topsis method, numerical taxonomy, weighted average were used for ranking of resilience indices. In addition, using the Spearman-Shannon method, these three methods were compared. The main results of the study are: 1. among the indicators of resilience, the final consumption expenditure of the state is most important. 2. Compared to most countries, Iran has a favorable economic resilience with a single-product economy, but is not well positioned compared to countries in the region, such as Saudi Arabia.
Resistance Economics,Economic vulnerability,economic resilience,Single-Product countries,Multi-criteria analysis methods
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1650.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1650_9e5e05a37e1d162301e61375c03e87ab.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Presenting the Islamic model of foreign trade with the approach of diplomacy of resistance economy; case study of Iran-Iraq business relations
239
267
FA
Mojtaba
Rostami
PhD student, Faculty of Business Administration, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan branch; email: Rostami
rostami.mojtaba@yahoo.com
Farshid
Namamian
Faculty of Business Administration, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah branch
farshidnamamian@iauksh.ac.ir
Ali Reza
Eslambolchi
Faculty of Public Administration, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan branch
slambolchi@iauh.ac.ir
Ruhollah
Sohrabi
Assistant Professor of Production and Operations Management, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
r.sohrabi@basu.ac.ir
10.30471/iee.2020.5791.1815
Foreign trade with resistance economy diplomacy approach is a new concept that examines the role of diplomacy in promoting foreign trade. The purpose of this study is to design a foreign trade model with emphasis on the resilient economy approach. In terms of purpose, this research is a category of developmental research that has been conducted in two stages. First, using the content analysis method based on semi-structured interviews with people who are experts in foreign trade, economic diplomacy and resistance economics, the relevant effective factors were identified and the initial conceptual model was extracted. Then, using the opinion of experts and specialists, through the distribution of a questionnaire and the use of interpretive structural methods, the components of the final model of research, ranking and the relationship between them were identified. Findings show that 180 codes in the form of 15 themes affect the foreign trade pattern. Also, fundamental changes and developments were identified as the most fundamental factor or factors of supply chain completion, production development and deepening of internal manufacturing and institutional quality of the model, as dependent factors, respectively. The results of the research, while identifying the influential and strategic factors in foreign trade, provide the basis for explaining its concept, separating this phenomenon from similar cases, including the diplomacy approach of resistance economics, and also presenting a conceptual model to understand and apply this model in foreign trade and other economic cooperation. Also, due to the importance and expansion of Iran-Iraq trade relations and regional cooperation, especially Iraq, to establish and maintain long-term relations with countries and its role in the country's economic growth in various industries, companies should consider the impact of this model on the paving of the way for foreign markets.
Foreign Trade,Economic Diplomacy,Resilience Economics,Theme Analysis,Interpretive Structural Model
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1655.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1655_417fb4f6dda46cd5244b02f297ad56ce.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
The Effect of Corruption on the Growth of the Iran's Economy: A Talent Allocation Approach
269
296
FA
Mahdi
Zahed Gharavi
Assistant professor, Faculty of Economics, Ayatollah Boroujerdi University
zahed_gharavi@yahoo.com
Saeed
Karimi
Assosiate professor, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran
saeedkarimi35@yahoo.com
Zahra (Mila)
Elmi
Faculty member of Economics and Administrative Sciences Department, University of Mazandaran
zelmila@yahoo.com
Mohammad Taghi
Gilak Hakim'abadi
Assosiate professor, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran
mtgilak@gmail.com
10.30471/iee.2019.5241.1746
There are numerous and conflicting views on the impact of corruption on economic growth. A number of humanities scholars have described corruption as a good phenomenon and called it the grease wheel of the economy, and they believe that financial corruption improves the weak economic institutions, and by that means, the growth rate of the economy will increase. On the other hand, other humanities scholars have pointed to the undesirable nature of corruption, calling it the sand of the wheel of the economy and they have argued that corruption erodes economic growth by making the administrative process sluggish, costly and inefficient and shifting scarce resources to non-productive activities. This paper studies the impact of corruption on the growth of the Iranian economy from 1983 to 2014 by using the talent allocation approach and by applying the econometric method of equation system. The divergence in talent allocation has slowed the growth of the Iranian economy in those years.
corruption,Economic Growth,human capital,Talent Allocation,Models with simultaneous equations
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1653.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1653_13dcf72a250b6f0c8cb13d3bc22cc036.pdf
Research Institute of Hawzah and University; "Hawzah wa Dāneshgāh Research Institute"
Journal of Iran's Economic Essays (JIEE)
1735-3300
2588-5812
16
32
2019
09
23
Measuring willingness to pay for Islamic securities to finance prisons: a case study about Isfahan
297
326
FA
Iman
Bastanifar
Assistant professor at economics, University of Isfahan
i.bastanifar@ase.ui.ac.ir
Mohammad Reza
Heidari
Assistant professor at economics, University of Isfahan
heidari@isu.ac.ir
Arman
Roshandel
M.A at economics, University of Isfahan
arman.roshandel@yahoo.com
10.30471/iee.2020.4542.1646
Developing capital markets through Islamic securities can improve the efficiency and management of the money market, achieving macroeconomic goals, and financing public sector. One of the most important and costly organizations in the economy is the Prisons' Organization. Despite the numerous needs of the prisons, the financing of Islamic securities is still not applied for this organization. Therefore, it is necessary to measure individuals' willingness to pay for Islamic securities. The present study, seeks to measure the willingness to pay, for both for profit and non-profit Islamic securities to finance prisons and analyze the factors affecting it. The Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) has been used to estimate the willingness to pay and rank-ordered probit model has been used to analyze the effective factors.
The findings show that, the average willingness to pay of the citizens of Isfahan for profit Islamic securities is 17000000 Rial per family in one year, and the average of willingness to pay for non-profit securities is 2600000 Rial per family in one year. Also, the variables income, type of assistance, the degree of trust to state institutions and aid intentions at the 95% confidence level have affected purchasing profitable Islamic securities, and age, income, type of assistance, the degree of trust in state institutions and the assurance intention at the 95% confidence level and the prisoners' record at 90% confidence level have affected the probability of purchasing non-profit Islamic securities.
Contingent Valuation,Willingness to Pay,Rank-ordered probit,Islamic Securities,Prison
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1658.html
https://iee.rihu.ac.ir/article_1658_3519bc17605db4d4d1025e4f84845059.pdf