Wealth Redistribution Systems in the Quran; A Comprehensive Analysis of the Functions of Zakat, Infaq, and Waqf in Creating Financial Security and Economic Resilience

The contemporary Islamic financial system faces challenges such as: (1) the incompatibility of the traditional assessment criteria and structures of Zakat and Waqf with modern forms of wealth; (2) weak governance, transparency, and trust in the institutions responsible for collection and distribution; and (3) the uncoordinated and siloed operation of these institutions both among themselves and with state welfare systems. This article aims to provide a comprehensive research analysis of the wealth redistribution system in the Quran and its role in establishing sustainable financial security. Using the method of systematic critical review and qualitative content analysis of religious texts and empirical studies, this research examines the three levels of economic intervention: Zakat (obligatory), Charity/Infaq (voluntary-faith-based), and Endowment/Waqf (sustainable-structural). The findings indicate that this combined system creates a multi-layered and intelligent framework for combating poverty, reducing inequality, and strengthening the economic resilience of households. Zakat functions as an automatic macroeconomic stabilizer; Charity reinforces organic social support networks; and Endowment ensures long-term financial security by transforming wealth into productive social capital. However, major institutional challenges, including inefficiencies in collection and distribution, non-alignment with modern forms of wealth, and deficiencies in governance, have limited the effectiveness of this system in the contemporary world. By proposing a novel framework integrating digital governance, redefining financial assessment criteria, and policy coordination with modern welfare systems, this article outlines a path for revitalizing the function of this system in 21st-century economies. This research claims that reinterpreting and modernizing this system is not only a religious necessity but also an effective economic strategy for achieving sustainable development goals and creating inclusive and resilient societies.